Earth materials is the academic concept and research domain encompassing the naturally occurring solid, liquid, and gaseous substances that compose the Earth's geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. This field systematically investigates the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, formation processes, distribution, and interactions of these diverse constituents—including minerals, rocks, sediments, soils, water, and organic matter—to elucidate Earth's dynamic systems, inform resource management, and address environmental challenges.